From CO2- to H2O-dominated atmospheres and back - How mixed outgassing changes the volatile distribution in magma oceans around M dwarf stars

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Volume 693 (January 2025)

A&A, 693 (2025) A303

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Table C.1

MagmOc2.0 Results for Earth: Comparison between Elkins-Tanton (2008, Tab. 3, Earth (2000 km)) and MagmOc2.0 at the end of their respective magma ocean stages.

Melt fraction [wt%]	Dry case: 0.05 H₂O, 0.01 CO₂		Wet case: 0.5 H₂O, 0.1 CO₂		Only CO₂: 0.6 CO₂
Initial mass^a [TO]	1.02 H₂O 0.21 CO₂		10.2 H₂O 2.1 CO₂		14.7 CO₂

Model*	Elkins-Tanton	`MagmOc2.0`	Elkins-Tanton	`MagmOc2.0`	Elkins-Tanton	`MagmOc2.0`
Fraction of initial volatile content outgassed into the atmosphere [%]

H₂O	70	63/63	91	86/86	0	0
CO₂	78	81/81	95	95/95	97	98/98

Final atmospheric pressure (sum of partial pressures of H₂O and CO₂) [bar]

	240	238/238	3150	2940/2940	3350	3841/3843

Solidification time, for $k_{H_{2} O} = 0.01$ ${k_{{{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{O}}}} = 0.01$ and $k_{{CO}_{2}} = 0.001$ ${k_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}} = 0.001$ [m²/kg] for gray model [Myrs]

	0.06	0.113/0.61	2.4	1.7/1.7	0.8	0.51/0.023

Remaining Volatile content in the melt [wt%]

H₂O	1.5	1.6/1.6	5.3	5.3/5.3	0	0
CO₂	0.2	0.2/0.2	0.7	0.5/0.5	1.5	1.6/1.6

Cursive: gray model, without the runaway greenhouse limit Bold: Full RT grid model.

*: In all cases, the outgassing laws of Elkins-Tanton (2008) were used.

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