From CO2- to H2O-dominated atmospheres and back - How mixed outgassing changes the volatile distribution in magma oceans around M dwarf stars

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Volume 693 (January 2025)

A&A, 693 (2025) A303

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Table 2

Parameters of the volatile model for MagmOcV2.0.

Symbol	Parameter
M^liq [kg]	Total mass of liquid melt
M^crystal [kg]	Total mass of crystals in magma ocean

F_i	Volatile i mass fraction in liquid melt
$M_{i}^{moa} [kg]$ $M_i^{{\rm{moa}}}[{\rm{kg}}]$	Volatile i mass in magma ocean + atmosphere
$M_{i}^{cyrstal} [kg]$ $M_i^{{\rm{cyrstal}}}[{\rm{kg}}]$	Volatile i mass crystals in the magma ocean
$M_{i}^{liq} [kg]$ $M_i^{{\rm{liq}}}[{\rm{kg}}]$	Volatile i mass in the liquid melt
$M_{i}^{atm} [kg]$ $M_i^{{\rm{atm}}}[{\rm{kg}}]$	Volatile i mass in the atmosphere
$M_{i}^{sol} [kg]$ $M_i^{{\rm{sol}}}[{\rm{kg}}]$	Volatile i mass in the solidified mantle
$k_{H_{2} O}$ ${k_{{{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{O}}}}$	Water part. coeff. melt - solid (0.01)
$k_{{CO}_{2}}$ ${k_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$	CO₂ part. coeff. melt - solid (0.002)
ϕ₁ [kg/m²/s]	XUV-driven atm. mass-loss rate of H

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