Table 1
Physical parameters.
| Symbol | Value | Ref |
|---|---|---|
| MVenus | 4.87 × 1024 kg | – |
| RVenus | 6052 km | – |
| d | 0.7 AU | – |
| 1 “ocean” | 1.338 × 1021 kg | Oksana & Dmytro (2021) |
| (20Ne/22Ne)0 | 13.75 | Grimberg et al. (2006) |
| (36Ar/38Ar)0 | 5.5005 | Meshik et al. (2014) |
| (20Ne/H2)0 | 3.23 × 10−4 | Lodders (2020) |
 |
44.7 | Lodders (2020) |
 |
0.33 | Assumed |
| t0 | 10 Myr | Assumed |
| β | 1 | As in Odert et al. (2018) |
| η | 15% | As in Odert et al. (2018) |
| bH,O | 4.8 × 1017T0.75 cm−1 s−1 | Zahnle & Kasting (1986) |
 |
8.4 × 1017T0.6 cm−1 s−1 | Zahnle & Kasting (1986) |
 |
7.86 × 1016T0.776 cm−1 s−1 | Zahnle & Kasting (1986) |
| bH,Ne | 7.9 × 1017 T0.731 cm−1 s−1 | Zahnle & Kasting (1986) |
| bO,Ne | 1.5 × 1017T0.75 cm−1 s−1 | Zahnle & Kasting (1986) |
| bH,Ar | 1.06 × 1018T0.597 cm−1 s−1 | Zahnle & Kasting (1986) |
| bO,Ar | 5.61 × 1016T0.841 cm−1 s−1 | Zahnle & Kasting (1986) |
Notes. Initial CO2 is assumed to be 0.22 times of initial H2O. One Earth’s ocean corresponds to 16161 moles cm−2 and 0.027 wt% on Venus. (A/B)0 refers to the isotope ratio at the beginning of escape process. The t0 refers to the nebula lifetime, refers to when the escape starts. We have also calculated earlier scenarios with t0 back to 4 Myr, the related results are shown in Fig. 2. β refers to the ratio of rEUV to r0 . η refers to the heating efficiency of EUV; bA,B refers to the binary diffusion parameter.
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