Uncovering the structure and kinematics of the ionized core of M 2-9 with ALMA

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Volume 692 (December 2024)

A&A, 692 (2024) A151

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Table 3

Properties of the central ionized core of M 2-9 derived from our radiative transfer modeling (Sect. 6.1 and Fig. 6).

Input parameters
Distance (d)	650pc ^(*)
LSR Systemic velocity (V_sys)	+78 km s⁻¹
Geometry	C-shaped horn^(†)
Inclination (i)	12°
Equatorial radius (R_eq )	8 au
Outer radius (R_out)	40 au
Nucleus outer radius (R₀)	4 au
HVSs inner boundary (y₁)	15au
HVSs outer boundary (y₂)	28 au
Electron temperature (T_e)	15 000 K
Electron density (n_e):
nucleus (I)	2.5×10⁸ cm⁻³
inner wind (II)	$1.7 \times 10^{8} {(\frac{r}{4 au})}^{- 3.0} {cm}^{- 3}$ ${1.7 \times {{10}^8}{{\left( {{r \over {4{\rm{au}}}}} \right)}^{ - 3.0}}{\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^{ - 3}}}$
HVSs (III)	$1.0 \times 10^{8} {(\frac{r}{15 at})}^{- 4.7} {cm}^{- 3}$ ${1.0 \times {{10}^8}{{\left( {{r \over {15{\rm{uat}}}}} \right)}^{ - 4.7}}{\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^{ - 3}}}$
outer wind (IV)	$2.5 \times 10^{6} {(\frac{r}{28 au})}^{- 1.4} {cm}^{- 3}$ ${2.5 \times {{10}^6}{{\left( {{r \over {28{\rm{au}}}}} \right)}^{ - 1.4}}{\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^{ - 3}}}$
Kinematics	radial expansion + rotation
Expansion velocity (V_exp ):
nucleus (I)	10 km s⁻¹
inner wind (II)	10 km s⁻¹
HVSs (III)	70+1.5×(r -15 au)km s⁻¹
outer wind (IV)	90 km s⁻¹
Rotation velocity (V_rot)	7–10 km s⁻¹
Implied physical properties of the jet
Ionized mass (M_ion)	4.3×10⁻⁶ M_⊙
Mass-loss rate (Ṁ)	7.2×10⁻⁷ M_⊙ yr⁻¹
Kinematic age (T_kin )	1.0–10.3 yr (~6 yr)
Scalar momentum (P) ^(‡)	6.4×10³⁴ g cm/s
Total kinetic energy (E_k)	2.8×10⁴¹ erg
Mechanical luminosity (Ṁ× V_exp)	1.5×10³³ erg/s

Notes. In all cases, r is the radial distance to the center. Departure coefficients b_n are from (Storey & Hummer 1995). Regions I-IV within the wind are shown in Fig. 6. The model presented has 333³ cubic cells of 0.″0015×0.″0015×0.″0015 (~1 au×1 au×1 au).^(*) Adopted (see Sect. 1). ^(†)See Fig. 6 for details.^(‡) Linear momentum defined as a “scalar” magnitude computed as the sum of the momentum moduli for every cell as defined in Bujarrabal et al. (2001).

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