Fig. 4

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Available measurements of dust polarisation and magnetic fields at different cosmic time and SFR. Left: measured polarisation fraction as a function of redshift. The measurements of local star-forming and starburst galaxies were adopted from the SALSA Legacy Program (Lopez-Rodriguez et al. 2022b) measured at 154 µm with the typical physical resolution in the range of 250 pc−1.5 kpc. The observed dust polarisation in the two distant starburst galaxies, 9io9 and SPT0346–52, is similar to the local starbursts. It should be noted that the polarisation fraction of 9io9 is measured at the rest frame wavelength of 350 µm (Geach et al. 2023), which is slightly longer than the rest frame wavelengths of the SPT0346–52 and SALSA Legacy Survey data. Middle: summary of the measured B field strength in the distant galaxies, collected so far with different methodologies. We also include the strength of ordered fields measured with polarised dust in the outflow of M82 (Lopez-Rodriguez 2023) and the ordered field in local disk galaxies measured with Synchrotron polarisation (Beck & Wielebinski 2013). We also include the results from Faraday rotation (Mao et al. 2017; Bernet et al. 2008), which show the regular magnetic fields along the line of sight. The dust polarisation traces the ordered B field on the plane of the sky. Limited by our current resolution, we can only provide the upper limit of the total B-field strength. Right: total strength of magnetic fields vs integrated SFR of the host galaxy. The current detections of magnetic fields with polarised dust are biased to extreme starburst galaxies.
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