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Fig. 3

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Comparison of the populations in the (fGW,f,F(f˙GW,f))$\[(f_{\mathrm{GW}, f}, F(\dot{f}_{\mathrm{GW}, f}))\]$ plane for the ‘low spins, strong tides’ (in blue) and ‘low spins, weak tides’ (in orange) scenarios, where F(f˙GW,f))=sgn(f˙GW,f) log10(f˙GW,f/104yr2)1$\[F(\dot{f}_{\mathrm{GW}, f}))=-\operatorname{sgn}(\dot{f}_{\mathrm{GW}, f}) \log _{10}({\mid} \dot{f}_{\mathrm{GW}, f} / 10^{4} \mathrm{yr}^{-2}{\mid})^{-1}\]$. This quantity has the same sign and monotonic behaviour as f˙GW,f$\[\dot{f}_{\mathrm{GW}, f}\]$. The black lines in the upper and right panels show the result in the ‘GWs only’ scenario. Accreting systems are typically those with f˙GW,f$\[\dot{f}_{\mathrm{GW}, f}\]$ < 0. We recall that we keep only DWDs that have fGW,f ≥ 0.1 mHz in the ‘GWs only’ case, which explains why the distribution goes to 0 below this limit and for small positive values of f˙GW,f$\[\dot{f}_{\mathrm{GW}, f}\]$.

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