Retrieval of stellar masses on the Chimera benchmark data set. The y-axis always shows the ratio of the estimated stellar mass to the true stellar mass (x-axis), in log units of M_⊙. The first three rows are AGN models in CIGALE, the last row is GRAHSP. The sample is split into four bins (panel columns) of true AGN bolometric luminosity (in erg/s, log). Results with large error bars (> 1 dex) are in grey. If the measured stellar mass deviates from the expectation (dotted grey horizontal lines) by more than 0.5 dex, it is considered an outlier and indicated with a circle. In each bin, the mean and standard deviation are quoted, together with the fraction of outliers in brackets. CIGALE models show a 0.2–0.5 dex bias at L >  43. For GRAHSP, the bias is below 0.1 dex. The GRAHSP fraction of outliers is also lower. The downward-pointing triangles at the very top of the figure indicate where the AGN and galaxy luminosities are approximately equal (λ = 1 in Eq. (6)). The CIGALE models start to deviate to the left of these markers, corresponding to λ >  1.