Example of an outlier at the lowest Chimera quasar weight (0.0001). This should be galaxy-dominated with very low AGN luminosity. The top panel shows the original COSMOS galaxy. The observed fluxes (purple) are reproduced with a high reduced χ² (see title) by the galaxy model (black curve), with substantial residuals in the near-infrared and optical wavelengths. The middle panel presents the constructed Chimera fluxes (purple), fitted with the C15 model’s galaxy (yellow curve) and AGN (orange curve) mixture model, using CIGALE. The AGN component models the data in the infrared. The stellar mass has become eight times larger than in the top panel. The bottom panel presents the analysis of the same Chimera data with GRAHSP. Here the fit is dominated by a low-luminosity AGN, and the stellar mass is poorly constrained. The x-axis range is wider in this panel.