Fate and detectability of rare gas hydride ions in nova ejecta - A case study with nova templates

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Table C.1

Reaction pathways for the formation and destruction of noble gas ions considered in C_LOUDY modeling.

Reaction Number (Type)	Reactions	Rate and rate coefficient	Comments and/or references
Ar chemistry

1 (CR)	Ar + CR → Ar⁺ + e⁻	$10 ζ_{H, cr} s^{- 1}$ ${10{\zeta _{{\rm{H}},{\rm{cr}}}}\,{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}}$	c, p
2 (CRPHOT)	Ar + CRPHOT → Ar⁺ + e⁻	$0.8 \frac{ζ_{H}_{_{2}}, cr}{1 - ω} s^{- 1}$ ${0.8{{{\zeta _{\rm{H}}}_{_2},{\rm{cr}}} \over {1 - \omega }}{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}}$	c, p
3 (IN)	$Ar + H_{2}^{+} \to {ArH}^{+} + H$ ${{\rm{Ar}} + {\rm{H}}_2^ + \to {\rm{Ar}}{{\rm{H}}^ + } + {\rm{H}}}$	10^–9 cm³ s^–1	s, n1
4 (IN)	$Ar + H_{3}^{+} \to {ArH}^{+} + H_{2}$ ${{\rm{Ar}} + {\rm{H}}_3^ + \to {\rm{Ar}}{{\rm{H}}^ + } + {{\rm{H}}_2}}$	$8 \times 10^{- 10} \exp (\frac{- 6019 K}{T}) {cm}^{3} s^{- 1}$ ${8 \times {{10}^{ - 10}}\exp \left( {{{ - 6019{\rm{K}}} \over {\rm{T}}}} \right){\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^3}{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}}$	v, d
5 (IN)	Ar⁺ + H₂ → ArH⁺ + H	$8.4 \times 10^{- 10} {(\frac{T}{300 K})}^{0.16} {cm}^{3} s^{- 1}$ ${8.4 \times {{10}^{ - 10}}{{\left( {{{\rm{T}} \over {300{\rm{K}}}}} \right)}^{0.16}}{\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^3}{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}}$	s
6 (IN)	${ArH}^{+} + H_{2} \to Ar + H_{3}^{+}$ ${\rm{Ar}}{{\rm{H}}^ + } + {{\rm{H}}_2} \to {\rm{Ar}} + {\rm{H}}_3^ +$	8 × 10^–10 cm³ s^–1	v
7 (IN)	ArH⁺ + CO → Ar + HCO⁺	1.25 × 10^–9 cm³ s^–1	v
8 (IN)	ArH⁺ + O → Ar + OH⁺	8 × 10^–10 cm³ s^–1	s
9 (IN)	ArH⁺ + C → Ar + CH⁺	8 × 10^–10 cm³ s^–1	s
10 (CT)	Ar⁺⁺ + H → Ar⁺ + H⁺	10^–15 cm³ s^–1	k1
11 (CT)	${Ar+N}_{2}^{+} \to {Ar}^{+} {+N}_{2}$ ${{\rm{Ar + N}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ + }} \to {\rm{A}}{{\rm{r}}^{\rm{ + }}}{\rm{ + }}{{\rm{N}}_{\rm{2}}}}$	3.65 × 10^–10 cm³ s^–1	c
12 (CT)	${Ar}^{+} {+H}_{2} \to {Ar+H}_{2}^{+}$ ${{\rm{A}}{{\rm{r}}^{\rm{ + }}}{\rm{ + }}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}} \to {\rm{Ar + H}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ + }}}$	2.00 × 10^–12 cm³ s^–1	c
13 (CT)	${Ar}^{+} {+O}_{2} \to {Ar+O}_{2}^{+}$ ${{\rm{A}}{{\rm{r}}^{\rm{ + }}}{\rm{ + }}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}} \to {\rm{Ar + O}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ + }}}$	3.50 × 10^–11 cm³ s^–1	c
14 (IN)	${Ar}^{+} {+CH}_{4} \to {CH}_{2}^{+} {+Ar+H}_{2}$ ${{\rm{A}}{{\rm{r}}^{\rm{ + }}}{\rm{ + C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{4}}} \to {\rm{CH}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ + }}{\rm{ + Ar + }}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}}$	1.40 × 10^–10 cm³ s^–1	c
15 (IN)	${Ar}^{+} {+CH}_{4} \to {CH}_{3}^{+} +Ar+H$ ${{\rm{A}}{{\rm{r}}^{\rm{ + }}}{\rm{ + C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{4}}} \to {\rm{CH}}_{\rm{3}}^{\rm{ + }}{\rm{ + Ar + H}}}$	7.90 × 10^–10 cm³ s^–1	c
16 (CT)	Ar⁺ + HCl → Ar + HCl⁺	2.90 × 10^–10 cm³ s^–1	c
17 (IN)	Ar⁺ + HCl → ArH⁺ + Cl	6.00 × 10^–11 cm³ s^–1	c
18 (CT)	Ar⁺ + CO → Ar + CO⁺	2.80 × 10^–11 cm³ s^–1	c
19 (CT)	${Ar}^{+} {+NH}_{3} \to {Ar+NH}_{3}^{+}$ ${{\rm{A}}{{\rm{r}}^{\rm{ + }}}{\rm{ + N}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}} \to {\rm{Ar + NH}}_{\rm{3}}^{\rm{ + }}}$	1.60 × 10^–9 cm³ s^–1	c
20 (CT)	${Ar}^{+} {+N}_{2} \to {Ar+N}_{2}^{+}$ ${{\rm{A}}{{\rm{r}}^{\rm{ + }}}{\rm{ + }}{{\rm{N}}_{\rm{2}}} \to {\rm{Ar + N}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ + }}}$	1.20 × 10^–11 cm³ s^–1	c
21 (CT)	Ar⁺ + H₂O → Ar + H₂O⁺	1.30 × 10^–9 cm³ s^–1	c
22 (XR)	Ar + XR → Ar⁺⁺ + e⁻ + e⁻	—	c
23 (XR)	Ar⁺ + XR → Ar⁺⁺ + e⁻	—	c
24 (XRSEC)	Ar + XRSEC → Ar⁺ + e^–	—	c
25 (XRPHOT)	Ar + XRPHOT → Ar⁺ + e^–	—	c
26 (ER)	Ar⁺ + e^– → Ar + hν	—	c
27 (ER)	Ar⁺⁺ + e^– → Ar⁺ + hν	—	c
28 (DR)	ArH⁺ + e^– → Ar + H	$5.06 \times 10^{- 13} {(\frac{T}{300 K})}^{2.084} \exp (\frac{- 7540 K}{T}) {cm}^{3} s^{- 1}$ $5.06 \times {10^{ - 13}}{\left( {{{\rm{T}} \over {300\,\,{\rm{K}}}}} \right)^{2.084}}\exp \left( {{{ - 7540\,\,{\rm{K}}} \over {\rm{T}}}} \right){\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^3}{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}$	k2
29 (PH)	ArH⁺ + hν → Ar⁺ + H	4.20 × 10^–12exp(–3.27A_v) s^–1	r

Ne chemistry

1 (CR)	Ne + CR → Ne⁺ + e⁻	$10 ζ_{H, cr} s^{- 1}$ ${10{\zeta _{{\rm{H}},{\rm{cr}}}}\,{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}}$	c, d
2 (CRPHOT)	Ne + CRPHOT → Ne⁺ + e⁻	$0.8 \frac{ζ_{H_{2}}_{,cr}}{1 - ω} s^{- 1}$ ${0.8{{{\zeta _{{{\rm{H}}_2}}}_{{\rm{,cr}}}} \over {1 - \omega }}\,\,{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}}$	c, d
3 (IN)	$Ne + H_{2}^{+} \to {NeH}^{+} + H$ ${\rm{Ne}} + {\rm{H}}_2^ + \to {\rm{Ne}}{{\rm{H}}^ + } + {\rm{H}}$	$2.58 \times 10^{- 10} \exp (\frac{- 6717 K}{T}) {cm}^{3} s^{- 1}$ $2.58 \times {10^{ - 10}}\exp \left( {{{ - 6717{\rm{K}}} \over {\rm{T}}}} \right){\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^3}\,{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}$	d
4 (IN)	$Ne + H_{3}^{+} \to {NeH}^{+} + H_{2}$ ${\rm{Ne}} + {\rm{H}}_3^ + \to {\rm{Ne}}{{\rm{H}}^ + } + {{\rm{H}}_2}$	$8 \times 10^{- 10} \exp (\frac{- 27456 K}{T}) {cm}^{3} s^{- 1}$ $8 \times {10^{ - 10}}\exp \left( {{{ - 27456\,\,{\rm{K}}} \over {\rm{T}}}} \right){\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^3}{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}$	d
5 (IN)	Ne⁺ + H₂ → Ne + H + H⁺	$1.98 \times 10^{- 14} \exp (\frac{- 35 K}{T}) {cm}^{3} s^{- 1}$ $1.98 \times {10^{ - 14}}\exp \left( {{{ - 35\,\,{\rm{K}}} \over {\rm{T}}}} \right){\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^3}{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}$	d
6 (CT)	${Ne}^{+} {+H}_{2} \to {Ne+H}_{2}^{+}$ ${{\rm{N}}{{\rm{e}}^{\rm{ + }}}{\rm{ + }}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}} \to {\rm{Ne + H}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ + }}}$	4.84 × 10^–15 cm³ s^–1	d
7 (IN)	${NeH}^{+} {+H}_{2} \to {Ne+H}_{3}^{+}$ ${{\rm{Ne}}{{\rm{H}}^{\rm{ + }}}{\rm{ + }}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}} \to {\rm{Ne + H}}_{\rm{3}}^{\rm{ + }}}$	3.65 × 10^–9 cm³ s^–1	d
8 (IN)	NeH⁺ + CO → Ne + HCO⁺	2.26 × 10^–9 cm³ s^–1	d
9 (IN)	NeH⁺ + O → Ne + OH⁺	2.54 × 10^–9 cm³ s^–1	d
10 (IN)	NeH⁺ + C → Ne + CH⁺	1.15 × 10^–9 cm³ s^–1	d
11 (CT)	Ne⁺⁺ + H → Ne⁺ + H⁺	1.94 × 10^–15 cm³ s^–1	d
12 (IN)	HeH⁺ + Ne → NeH⁺ + He	1.25 × 10^–9 cm³ s^–1	c
13 (IN)	NeH⁺ + He → HeH⁺ + Ne	3.8 × 10^–14 cm³ s^–1	c
14 (IN)	Ne⁺ + CH₄ → CH⁺ + Ne + H₂ + H	8.4 × 10^–13 cm³ s^–1	c
15 (IN)	Ne⁺ + CH₄ → CH₂⁺ + Ne + H₂	4.2 × 10^–12 cm³ s^–1	c
16 (IN)	Ne⁺ + CH₄ → CH₃⁺ + Ne + H	4.7 × 10^–12 cm³ s^–1	c
17 (CT)	Ne⁺ + CH₄ → CH₄⁺ + Ne	1.1 × 10^–11 cm³ s^–1	c
18 (IN)	Ne⁺ + NH³ → NH⁺ + Ne + H₂	4.5 × 10^–12 cm³ s^–1	c
19 (IN)	Ne⁺ + NH₃ → NH₂⁺ + Ne + H	1.9 × 10^–10 cm³ s^–1	c
20 (CT)	Ne⁺ + NH₃ → NH₃⁺ + Ne	2.7 × 10^–11 cm³ s^–1	c

Ar chemistry

21 (CT)	Ne⁺ + N₂ → N₂⁺ + Ne	1.1 × 10^–13 cm³ s^–1	c
22 (CT)	Ne⁺ + H₂O → H₂O⁺ + Ne	8.0 × 10^–10 cm³ s^–1	c
23 (IN)	Ne⁺ + O₂ → O⁺ + Ne + O	6.0 × 10^–11 cm³ s^–1	c
24 (XR)	Ne + XR → Ne⁺⁺ + e^– + e^–	—	c
25 (XR)	Ne⁺ + XR → Ne⁺⁺ + e^–	—	c
26 (XRSEC)	Ne + XRSEC → Ne⁺ + e^–	—	c
27 (XRPHOT)	Ne + XRPHOT → Ne⁺ + e^–	—	c
28 (ER)	Ne⁺ + e^– → Ne + hν	—	c
29 (ER)	Ne⁺⁺ + e^– → Ne⁺ + hν	—	c
30 (DR)	NeH⁺ + e^– → Ne + H	$5.06 \times 10^{- 13} {(\frac{T}{300 K})}^{2.084} \exp (\frac{- 7540 K}{T}) {cm}^{3} s^{- 1}$ $5.06 \times {10^{ - 13}}{\left( {{{\rm{T}} \over {300\,\,{\rm{K}}}}} \right)^{2.084}}\exp \left( {{{ - 7540\,\,{\rm{K}}} \over {\rm{T}}}} \right){\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^3}{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}$	‘guessed’ following k2
31 (PH)	NeH⁺ + hν → Ne⁺ + H	4.20 × 10^–12exp( – 3.27Av) s^–1	d

He chemistry

1 (CR)	He + CR → He⁺ + e⁻	10ζ_H,cr s^–1	c, d
2 (CRPHOT)	He + CRPHOT → He⁺ + e⁻	$0.8 \frac{ζ_{H} {_{_{2}}}_{,cr}}{1 - ω} s^{- 1}$ $0.8{{{\zeta _{\rm{H}}}{{_{_2}}_{{\rm{,cr}}}}} \over {1 - \omega }}{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}$	c, d
3 (IN)	$He + H_{2}^{+} \to {HeH}^{+} + H$ ${\rm{He}} + {\rm{H}}_2^ + \to {\rm{He}}{{\rm{H}}^ + } + {\rm{H}}$	$3 \times 10^{- 10} \exp (\frac{- 6717 K}{T}) {cm}^{3} s^{- 1}$ $3 \times {10^{ - 10}}\exp \left( {{{ - 6717\,\,{\rm{K}}} \over {\rm{T}}}} \right){\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^3}\,{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}$	b
4 (IN)	$He + H_{3}^{+} \to {HeH}^{+} + H_{2}$ ${\rm{He}} + {\rm{H}}_3^ + \to {\rm{He}}{{\rm{H}}^ + } + {{\rm{H}}_2}$	$8 \times 10^{- 10} \exp (\frac{- 29110 K}{T}) {cm}^{3} s^{- 1}$ $8 \times {10^{ - 10}}\exp \left( {{{ - 29110\,{\rm{K}}} \over {\rm{T}}}} \right){\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^3}{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}$	d
5 (IN)	He⁺ + H₂ → He + H + H⁺	$3.70 \times 10^{- 14} \exp (\frac{- 35 K}{T}) {cm}^{3} s^{- 1}$ $3.70 \times {10^{ - 14}}\exp \left( {{{ - 35\,\,{\rm{K}}} \over {\rm{T}}}} \right){\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^3}{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}$	c
6 (CT)	${He}^{+} {+H}_{2} \to {He+H}_{2}^{+}$ ${{\rm{H}}{{\rm{e}}^{\rm{ + }}}{\rm{ + }}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}} \to {\rm{He + H}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ + }}}$	7.20 × 10^–15 cm³ s^–1	c
7 (IN)	${HeH}^{+} {+H}_{2} \to {He+H}_{3}^{+}$ ${{\rm{He}}{{\rm{H}}^{\rm{ + }}}{\rm{ + }}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}} \to {\rm{He + H}}_{\rm{3}}^{\rm{ + }}}$	1.26 × 10^–9 cm³ s^–1	o
8 (IN)	HeH⁺ + CO → He + HCO⁺	2.33 × 10^–9 cm³ s^–1	d
9 (IN)	HeH⁺ + O → He + OH⁺	2.68 × 10^–9 cm³ s^–1	d
10 (IN)	HeH⁺ + C → He + CH⁺	1.18 × 10^–9 cm³ s^–1	d
11 (CT)	He⁺⁺ + H → He⁺ + H⁺	2.45 × 10^–15 cm³ s^–1	d
12 (IN)	${HeH}^{+} + H \to He + H_{2}^{+}$ ${\rm{He}}{{\rm{H}}^ + } + {\rm{H}} \to {\rm{He}} + {\rm{H}}_2^ +$	1.7 × 10^–9 cm³ s^–1	e
13 (RA)	He⁺ + H → HeH⁺ + hν	1.44 × 10^–16 cm³ s^–1	g, n3
14 (RA)	He + H⁺ → HeH⁺ + hν	$5.6 \times 10^{- 21} {(\frac{T}{10^{4} K})}^{- 1.25} {cm}^{3} s^{- 1}$ $5.6 \times {10^{ - 21}}{\left( {{{\rm{T}} \over {{{10}^4}{\rm{K}}}}} \right)^{ - 1.25}}{\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^3}{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}$	n3
15 (XR)	He + XR → He⁺⁺ + e⁻ + e⁻	—	c
16 (XR)	He⁺ + XR → He⁺⁺ + e⁻	—	c
17 (XRSEC)	He + XRSEC → He⁺ + e⁻	—	c
18 (XRPHOT)	He + XRPHOT → He⁺ + e⁻	—	c
19 (ER)	He⁺ + e⁻ → He + hν	—	c
20 (ER)	He⁺⁺ + e⁻ → He⁺ + hν	—	c
21 (DR)	HeH⁺ + e⁻ → He + H	$4.3 \times 10^{- 10} {(\frac{T}{10^{4} K})}^{- 0.5} {cm}^{3} s^{- 1}$ $4.3 \times {10^{ - 10}}{\left( {{{\rm{T}} \over {{{10}^4}{\rm{K}}}}} \right)^{ - 0.5}}{\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^3}{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}$	n2
22 (PH)	HeH⁺ + hν → He⁺ + H	—	c, n3
23 (AI)	He⁺ + H⁻ → HeH⁺ + e⁻	$3.2 \times 10^{- 11} {(\frac{T}{10^{4} K})}^{- 0.34} {cm}^{3} s^{- 1}$ $3.2 \times {10^{ - 11}}{\left( {{{\rm{T}} \over {{{10}^4}{\rm{K}}}}} \right)^{ - 0.34}}{\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^3}{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}$	n3

Additional modified chemistry

1 (RA)	$H^{+} + H \to H_{2}^{+} + h ν$ ${{{\rm{H}}^ + } + {\rm{H}} \to {\rm{H}}_2^ + + {\rm{h}}v}$	$2.3 \times 10^{- 16} {(\frac{T}{10^{4} K})}^{1.5} {cm}^{3} s^{- 1}$ ${2.3 \times {{10}^{ - 16}}{{\left( {{{\rm{T}} \over {{{10}^4}{\rm{K}}}}} \right)}^{1.5}}{\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^3}{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}}$	c, n3
2 (DR)	$H_{2}^{+} + e^{-} \to H + H$ ${{\rm{H}}_2^ + + {{\rm{e}}^ - } \to {\rm{H}} + {\rm{H}}}$	$3 \times 10^{- 9} {(\frac{T}{10^{4} K})}^{- 0.4} {cm}^{3} s^{- 1}$ ${3 \times {{10}^{ - 9}}{{\left( {{{\rm{T}} \over {{{10}^4}{\rm{K}}}}} \right)}^{ - 0.4}}{\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^3}{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}}$	c, n3

Notes. CR refers to cosmic rays, CRPHOT to secondary photons produced by cosmic rays, XR to direct X-rays, XRSEC to secondary electrons produced by X-rays, XRPHOT to secondary photons from X-rays, IN to ion-neutral reactions, CT to charge transfer reactions, AI to associative ionization reactions, RA to radiative association reactions, ER to electronic recombination reactions for atomic ions, DR to dissociative recombination reactions for molecular ions, PH to photodissociation reactions, hν to a photon, ζ to cosmic-ray or X-ray ionization rates, and ω is the dust albedo.

^c Reaction pathways are already included and/or reaction rates are self-consistently controlled in CLOUDY by default.

^p Priestley et al. (2017, and references therein),^s Schilke et al. (2014, and references therein),ⁿ¹ Neufeld & Wolfire (2016),^v Villinger et al. (1982), d Das et al. (2020),^k1 Kingdon & Ferland (1996),^k2 Kálosi et al. (2024, valid in the temperature intervals of 7000 - 20000 K),^r Roueff et al. (2014),^o Orient (1977),^e Esposito et al. (2015),ⁿ² Novotný et al. (2019),^b Black (1978),^g Güsten et al. (2019, and references therein),ⁿ³ Neufeld et al. (2020, and references therein)

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