Fig. 7.

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Illustration of the rapid expansion of the inner circumstellar disk. Panel (a) displays the disk radius as a function of time, where t = 0 corresponds to the moment of birth of the disk. Panels (b) and (c) are 3D renderings at t = 0.1 yr and t = 1 yr, respectively, where the blue surface is the circumstellar disk and the green surface is the protostar. The white curves are velocity vector field streamlines, illustrating polar accretion. The images are cross-sectional slices displaying the radiative flux, which illustrates the location of accretion shocks. Note: no outer disk forms in this simulation. This figure is adapted from Ahmad et al. (2024).
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