The remarkable microquasar S26: A super-Eddington PeVatron

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Table 3.

Parameters of our physical model of S26.

Parameter	Symbol	Value	Units
System

Distance to the source⁽³⁾	d	3.9	Mpc
Age of the MQ⁽⁴⁾	t	2 × 10⁵	yr
Total nebula size⁽⁵⁾		350 × 185	pc
Black hole

Mass⁽¹⁾	M_BH	10	M_⊙
Gravitational radius⁽²⁾	r_g	1.50 × 10⁶	cm
Spin⁽²⁾	a	> 0.80

Accretion disk

Eddington accretion rate⁽²⁾	Ṁ_Edd	2.20 × 10⁻⁷	M_⊙ yr⁻¹
Accretion input of matter⁽¹⁾	Ṁ_input	2.20 × 10⁻⁶	M_⊙ yr⁻¹
Critical radius⁽²⁾	r_crit	5.90 × 10⁸	cm
Magnetically-saturated radius⁽¹⁾	r_ms	1.50 × 10⁸	cm
Accretion power at $r_{ms}^{(2)}$ $r_{\mathrm{ms}}^{(2)}$	L_accr(r_ms)	3.15 × 10⁴⁰	cm s⁻¹

Wind

Mass loss in winds⁽²⁾	Ṁ_w	2 × 10⁻⁶	M_⊙ yr⁻¹
Velocity⁽²⁾	v_w	1.5 × 10⁹	cm s⁻¹
Temperature of the photosphere⁽²⁾	T_photo	3 × 10⁵	K
Height of the photosphere⁽²⁾	z_photo	2.60 × 10⁹	cm

Jet

Mechanical power⁽⁴⁾	L_j	5 × 10⁴⁰	erg s⁻¹
Semi opening angle⁽¹⁾	θ_j	5.70	degrees
Inclination ⁽¹⁾	i	75	degrees
Accretion-to-jet efficiency transfer ⁽²⁾	q_j	1.60
Jet bulk velocity ⁽¹⁾	v_j	2.80 × 10¹⁰	cm s⁻¹
Normalized velocity⁽¹⁾	β_j	0.90
Lorentz factor⁽¹⁾	γ_j	3
Launching point ⁽¹⁾	z₀	1.50 × 10⁸	cm
Magnetic field near the BH ⁽²⁾	B₀	1.60 × 10⁹	G

Jet base

Location of acceleration region⁽¹⁾	z_b	5 × 10⁹	cm
Acceleration region size⁽¹⁾	Δx_b	5 × 10⁸	cm
Acceleration efficiency⁽²⁾	η_acc	0.10
Power to relativistic particles⁽¹⁾	q_rel	0.01
Magnetic field at acceleration point⁽²⁾	B_b	2.60 × 10⁵	G
Hadron-to-lepton ratio⁽¹⁾	K_b	1
Spectral index⁽¹⁾	p_b	2
Number density of protons⁽²⁾	n_b	5 × 10⁹	cm⁻³
Hillas energy⁽²⁾	E_Hillas	2 × 10¹⁷	eV

Jet lobe

Location of acceleration region⁽¹⁾	z_l	4 × 10²⁰	cm
Acceleration region size⁽¹⁾	Δx_l	4 × 10¹⁹	cm
Acceleration efficiency⁽²⁾	η_acc	0.10
Power to relativistic particles⁽¹⁾	q_rel	0.01
Magnetic field at acceleration point⁽⁵⁾	B_l	2.50	μG
Reverse shock velocity⁽⁴⁾	v_rs	1.5 × 10¹⁰	cm s⁻¹
Hadron-to-lepton ratio⁽¹⁾	K_l	100
Spectral index⁽¹⁾	p_l	1.80
Number density of protons⁽⁶⁾	n_l	0.10	cm⁻³

Notes. We indicate the parameters we have assumed with superscript (1) and those we have derived with (2). The other superscripts indicate that the parameters were taken from Karachentsev et al. (2003) (3), Pakull et al. (2010) (4), Dopita et al. (2012) (5), and Soria et al. (2010) (6). Subscripts “b” and “l” refer to base and lobe, respectively.

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