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Table 1

Target objects in this study and their observed parameters.

Name R* (R) log g Teff (K) M* (M) L* (L) B* f* (kG) Φ* (1025 Mx)
Sun (min) 1.00 4.44 5777 1.00 1.00 5.4 ×10-3 (1) 3.3 ×10-2
Sun (max) 1.00 4.44 5777 1.00 1.00 9.0 ×10-3(1) 5.5 ×10-2
κ1 Ceti 0.97 4.46 (2) 5749 (2) 1.00 (2) 0.93 0.50 (4) 2.9
π1 UMa 1.00 4.44 (2) 5873 (2) 1.00 (2) 1.06 0.59 (4) 3.6
EK Dra 1.07 4.40 (3) 5770 (3) 1.04 (3) 1.14 1.4 (4) 9.8

Notes. The second column shows the stellar radius R* (in solar radii), the third column shows the logarithm (base 10) of the surface gravity g=GM*/R*2$g = G{M_*}/R_*^2$ (in cgs unit), the fourth column shows the effective temperature Teff, the fifth column presents the stellar mass M* (in solar mass) calculated by log g and R*, the sixth column displays the luminosity L*=4πR*2σTeff4${L_*} = 4\pi R_*^2\sigma T_{{\rm{eff}}}^4$ (in solar luminosity), the seventh column shows the average surface magnetic field strength B*f*, and the eighth column presents the unsigned surface magnetic flux Φ*=4πR*2B*f*${\Phi _*} = 4\pi R_*^2{B_*}{f_*}$ (1) Cranmer (2017), (2) Gonzalez et al. (2010), (3) Şenavcı et al. (2021), (4) Kochukhov et al. (2020).

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