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Fig. 2.

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Density plot of all sampled particles in the action space (Jϕ, Jz). Left: Original sample of stars currently in the selection box (black rectangle): 1005 km s−1kpc ≤ Jϕ ≤ 2010 km s−1kpc and 0.175 km s−1kpc ≤ Jz ≤ 437.5 km s−1kpc. Middle: Sampled particles 6 Gyr ago in model (ii) of a constant bar with spiral arms. They remain similar to their initial distribution in the left panel. Right: Particles in model (iv) of a decelerating bar with spiral arms. They have a more extended distribution Jϕ 6 Gyr ago in this model. Some low-Jϕ particles (Jϕ ≲ 1000 km s−1kpc) have gained rotation from the bar, but represent only a small fraction of the entire sample.

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