Fig. 2.

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Temporal evolution of initially Gaussian non-linear torsional Alfvén waves as a function of the distance from the Sun. The blue line represents the dimensionless vorticity variation at the base of the solar corona, the green line at a distance of approximately 70 Mm, and the red line at a distance of roughly 140 Mm from the base coronal level. The pulse width is taken about 100 seconds, and the initial amplitude is 0.1 which corresponds to the initial azimuthal velocity of 100 km/s. The atmosphere maintains an isothermal condition with a temperature of 1.4 MK. The Alfvén speed near the corona’s base is 1000 km/s.
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