Scaling up global kinetic models of pulsar magnetospheres using a hybrid force-free-PIC numerical approach

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Volume 690 (October 2024)

A&A, 690 (2024) A170

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Table 1.

Physical and numerical parameters for the reference weak gamma-ray pulsar simulation using the hybrid force-free-PIC scheme.

Physical parameters	Values
Neutron star radius	r_⋆ = 10 km
Spin period	P = 1 ms
Surface magnetic field	B_⋆ = 10⁷ G
Spindown power	L₀ = 4.8 × 10³³ erg/s
Polar cap energy	γ_pc = 2.6 × 10⁸
Threshold energy	γ_th = 10⁶
Secondary pairs energy	γ_s = 2.2 × 10⁵
Radiation-reaction energy	$γ_{rad}^{LC} = 3.3 \times 10^{5}$ $\gamma^{\mathrm{LC}}_{\mathrm{rad}}=3.3\times10^5$
Electron plasma skin depth	$d_{e}^{s} = 10^{3} cm$ $d_{\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{s}}=10^3\,\mathrm{cm}$
Plasma timescale	$ω_{pe}^{- 1} = 3.3 \times 10^{- 8} s$ $\omega^{-1}_{\mathrm{pe}}=3.3\times 10^{-8}\,\text{ s}$
Synchrotron cooling time	$t_{syn}^{LC} = 3.6 \times 10^{- 7} s$ $t^{\mathrm{LC}}_{\mathrm{syn}}=3.6\times 10^{-7}\,\text{ s}$

Numerical parameters	Values

# grid cells (r, θ)	8192 × 8192
Proton to electron mass ratio	m_p/m_e = 1836
Time step	Δt = 4.3 × 10⁻⁹ s
Highest spatial resolution	Δr = 3.4 × 10² cm
FFE domain I boundaries	Ψ_min = 0, Ψ₁ = 0.9Ψ_pc
PIC domain boundaries	Ψ₀ = 0.85Ψ_pc, Ψ₃ = 2.4Ψ_pc
FFE domain II boundaries	Ψ₂ = 2.3Ψ_pc, Ψ_max = μ/r_⋆

Notes. Energy scales refer to electron Lorentz factors.

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