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Fig. 1

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Circular velocity within 10 kpc from the Galactic centre (upper panel), where the yellow curve represents the sum from the bulge and halo. The red curve denotes all four disc components. The black dots are from Ablimit et al. (2020) with the measurement from classical Cepheids. The velocity dispersion and surface density of the bulge are shown in the middle panel. The radial velocity dispersion σR drops much rapidly relative to the vertical velocity dispersion σz. The bottom panel shows the spatial distribution of the pseudo-stars in the (R, z) space for the bulge sample. The bulge is truncated within 6 kpc from the centre and has a peanut-like shape instead of a sphere.

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