Kernel density estimation (KDE) plots depicting the relationship between ‘Depth Ratio’ (low energy depth divided by high energy depth) and dip duration in various observations. The panels showcase results from distinct datasets. From left to right: Chandra segments 1, 2 and 3, XMM high-soft observation and XMM low-hard observation results. Solid lines within each panel represent KDE contour levels, demarcating regions of equal density in the estimated distribution.