Fig. 7

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Confirmed exoplanets around stars with masses 0.08 < M★/M⊙ < 0.2 and a < 0.2 au discriminated by observed multiplicity: single planets (black circles), planets in multi-planetary systems (black crosses) and Trappist-1 planets (black stars), together with the simulated planets from the scenarios in which the star is 0.1 M⊙: PA-M01-lowα-icy (blue circles), PA-M01-lowα-mixed (orange squares), PA-M01-highα-icy (brown triangles) and PLA-M01-lowα-icy (violet diamonds). The isolation mass for a star of 0.1 M⊙ at 1 Myr calculated from Eq. (14) and extrapolated up to the location of the star for visual purposes (dashed gray line) and the detection limit in mass for planets around M dwarfs (dotted gray line) are overplotted.
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