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Fig. 3

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Pebble surface density (top panel), pebble aspect ratio (middle panel), and Stokes number (bottom panel) at 1 Myr, for our standard model in which we assumed a star is 0.1 M, and a turbulent parameter αt = 10−4. The transition line associated with the two different heating mechanisms in the gas disk model is displayed together with the snowline (see Appendix A).

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