Altitude profiles of perturbed electric field magnitude, (a) Field-aligned ambipolar electric field, $E_{\text{am1}}^{\parallel }$. (b) Neutral wind-driven polarization electric field, E_n1. (c) Total perturbed electric field, E₁. Solid lines represent electric field driven by AW wave mode while dashed lines refer to electric field driven by GW wave mode. Input parameters are τ = 4.2 min, λ_h = 80 km, $k_z^l=0.11$ km⁻¹, and c_p = 321 m s⁻¹ for AW mode and are τ = 39.4 min, λ_h = 210 km, $k_z^l=-0.07$ km⁻¹, and c_p = 89 m s⁻¹ for GW mode.