Altitude profiles of (a) perturbed ambipolar electric potential, ϕ_am1, (b) neutral wind-driven polarization electric potential, ϕ_n1, and (c) total perturbed electric potential, ϕ₁, driven by AW and GW wave modes and plotted by solid and dashed curves, respectively. Input parameters are τ = 4.2 min, λ_h = 80 km, $k_z^l=0.11$ km⁻¹, and c_p = 321 m s⁻¹ for the AW mode and are τ = 39.4 min, λ_h = 210 km, $k_z^l=-0.07$ km⁻¹ and c_p = 89 m s⁻¹ for the GW mode.