A linearized coupled model of acoustic-gravity waves and the lower ionosphere at Mars

Open Access

Fig. 12

AW-associated density ratio amplitudes of (a) O⁺, (b) $O_{2}^{+}$ ${\rm{O}}_2^ +$ , and (c) ${CO}_{2}^{+}$ ${\rm{CO}}_2^ +$ for three scenarios. Neutral density ratio amplitude is also plotted and marked by ρ_n1/ρ_n0. Input parameters of the AW wave mode are τ = 4.2 min, λ_n = 80 km, $k_{z}^{l} = 0.11$ , and c_p = 321 m s⁻¹.

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