Fig. 1

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SPHERE/IRDIS H-band (1.65 µm) observations of PDS 111. In all images the star is at the center and the images are aligned with the North-axis up and East-axis to the left. Left: polarized light observation. We show the azimuthal Stokes parameter Qϕ which contains all azimuthally polarized scattered light as a positive signal. Middle: same data set as in the left panel, but reduced with angular differential imaging, showing total intensity. Due to the reduction approach, the disk signal is strongly self-subtracted removing particularly low spatial frequencies. The shape of the detected high spatial frequency sub-structure is likely distorted. For the same reason, the given surface brightness is a lower limit only, which depends in a complex way on the local self subtraction in the image. Right: same image as in the left panel, overlayed with contours (5 σ, 14 σ, 68 σ, 140 σ, 205 σ; relative to the image background noise) from the center panel to highlight the structures that are traced in both images. In all images, the gray, hashed circle in the center marks the area that was covered by the coronagraphic mask and where the star is located. All images are shown on a log scale to highlight the disk morphology. Appendix A shows a flux calibrated version of the polarimetric image.
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