Dust continuum emission from the CPDs of PDS 70 c. The dark-blue, blue, and sky-blue curves represent the results when the dust-to-gas mass ratio in the gas inflow is x = 0.01, 0.001, and 0.0001, respectively. The strength of turbulence in the CPDs is fixed as α = 10⁻⁴. The horizontal lines represent the observed value, 86 ± 16 μJy (Benisty et al. 2021). The left, central, and right panels represent the dependence on the planet mass, gas accretion rate, and MMdot, respectively. (Left) The gas accretion rate is fixed as ${\dot{M}}_{\mathrm{g},\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}}=2\times {10}^{-7}{M}_{\mathrm{J}}{\mathrm{y}\mathrm{r}}^{-1}$. The green dotted lines represent the slopes of $F_{\text{emit }}\propto {\dot{M}}_{\mathrm{g},\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}}$. (Centre) The planet mass is fixed as M_pl = 10 M_J. The green lines are F_emit ∝ M_pl. (Right) Both of the planet mass and the gas accretion rate are changed. The green lines are $F_{\text{emit }}\propto M_{\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}}{\dot{M}}_{\mathrm{g},\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}}$.