Fig. 1.

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Best-fit continuum images of sunspot groups included in MODEST. Panels display continuum images of the sunspot groups AR 11943 (2014 January 7; (a)), AR 11726 (2013 April 23; (b)), AR 12645 (2017 April 3; (c)), AR 11295 (2011 September 24; (d)), AR 12242 (2014 December 19; (e)), and AR 12673 (2017 September 8; (f)). Bars at the bottom left have a length of 15″ ≈ 10 800 km (no foreshortening correction applied). Arrows in the top-right part of each image mark the direction of solar disk center.
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