Table 3
Empirically derived errors associated with PPMAP measurements (see Sect. 4.3.2).
| Uncertainty ux | Label |  (ux) |
σTdust(ux) |
|---|---|---|---|
| usaturation(a) | input saturation | 9% | 3% |
| ufree-free(b) | free-free emission | 8% | 1% |
| UPPMAP(C) | PPMAP SED fitting | 8% | 11% |
| ugetnoise(d) | noise estimates | 14% | 7% |
| uβ(e) | opacity index | 21% | 9% |
| uartifacts(f) | ring-like artifacts | 3% | ±1 K |
| U∆θ=1″(𝑔) | Herschel pointing (1) | 0.4% | 0.2% |
| U∆θ=2.5″(𝑔) | Herschel pointing (2) | 0.5% | 0.8% |
| Combined uncertainty | 29% | 16% ± 1 K | |
Notes. The numbers compiled above are the mean values (across the 15 protoclusters) of the mean errors measured in the uncertainty maps. (a)Error stemming from the saturation of input continuum maps, assessed by comparing the outcomes obtained with and without the inclusion of saturated maps in the PPMAP analysis. (b)Systematic error induced by free-free emission. Estimated from the comparison between Run1 and Run2 (cf. Sect. 3.2). (c)PPMAP SED fitting errors, derived from the sigtdens.fits file. (d)Error related to the noise estimates used to weight the data points fed to PPMAP. Empirically derived by comparing PPMAP products obtained with three distinct noise estimate methods (cf. Appendix A.2.1). (e)Error caused by the uncertainty on the opacity index, β = 1.8 ± 0.2. (f)Error caused by ring-like artifacts (cf. Appendix A.4). (𝑔)Estimate of the error that would be produced by a 1″ or 2.5″ relative shift in the Herschel maps with respect to the ALMA observations.
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