Comparison between the observed gas velocity curves of the PHANGS sample (shaded areas) and the circular velocity profiles from our models (solid curves). The vertical lines near R = 0 illustrate the contribution of the central SMBH. The dotted curves represent the circular velocities extracted from the first snapshot (INI_SIM) of each simulation and are consistent with the analytic derivation associated with the initial conditions. The dashed curves represent the circular velocities at τ = 2 (see Sect. 4.3, which corresponds to twice the bar formation time of our simulated galaxies). As mentioned in the text, the PHANGS rotation curves are meant as guidelines to build the initial mass models.