Crystallization region and dust layers of different grain sizes with vertical optical depth τ_v = 1 at 10 μm. The temperature profile in r and z from MCMax is shown in the colormap, and the black dotted region is the crystallization region. Solid lines are the maximum heights of the dust layers, where the local St = 10⁻² for 0.087, 0.783, and 1730 μm dust. The dashed line represents τ_v = 1 at 10 μm.