Motion of a star ensemble around around a spherical source. Top row: simulated movement of a 200-star cluster around a spherical gravitational source with parameters akin to those of the MW, in the three planar projections, extracted at times t = 0 Myr, t = 200 Myr, t = 400 Myr, t = 600 Myr, and t = 800 Myr. Lower left: three-dimensional view with the containing plane. The initial cluster has a radius of 2 kpc and is at a distance of 30 kpc from the galactic origin of coordinates. Member stars have slightly different velocities, v_* = 220 kpc ± Δv, due to the additional random Δv. (All axes are in kpc). Lower right: extracted torsion as a function of time, from an analytical helicoidal fit to the resulting stream with χ²/N_gdl = 0.86, which yields a value of τ ≃ 3.5 × 10⁻⁴ kpc⁻¹ (a one-star orbit would return exactly zero torsion).