Large-scale structure of W43-main and the distribution of the surveyed massive clumps. Left panel: target clumps overlaid on ¹³CO (2–1) (obtained by IRAM 30m as in Carlhoff et al. 2013) integrated intensity maps (red and blue contours are integrated intensities over the respective velocity ranges shown in the figure). Middle and right panels: molecular hydrogen column density N(H₂) and dust temperature map T_d (>35 K temperatures are truncated for better contrast of the cold regions) of the W43-main molecular complex (10″ resolution, Lin et al. 2016). The three contour levels indicate column densities of 2.2×10²², 5×10²², and 2×10²³ cm⁻³ (~1 g cm^-2), respectively. The pointed observations towards the 5 selected clumps are shown in green circles of primary beam size (FWHM) at 96 GHz. In the middle panel, the eight most massive clumps identified in Motte et al. (2003) are marked with yellow labels. Other target clumps are marked with red labels, following the names of C, F1 and F2. In the right panel, the red three-branched triangle marks the position of the W-R/OB cluster (Blum et al. 1999).