Supermassive black hole spin evolution in cosmological simulations with OPENGADGET3

Open Access

Fig. 16

BH spin direction variation per accretion episode (i.e. $Δ θ_{BH} = j_{BH} \cdot j_{BH}^{f}$ ${\rm{\Delta }}{\theta _{{\rm{BH}}}} = {j_{{\rm{BH}}}} \cdot j_{{\rm{BH}}}^f$ ) as a function of J_d/J_BH, colour-coded by θ_BH−d, the misalignment angle between disc and BH angular momenta at the beginning of the episode. The dashed lines illustrate the analytical dependence of $j_{BH} \cdot j_{BH}^{f}$ ${j_{{\rm{BH}}}} \cdot j_{{\rm{BH}}}^f$ on J_d/J_BH, computed using Eq. (5).

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