Redshift evolution of the AGN space density in three luminosity bins, as indicated at the top of the panels. The shaded regions represent the 68% and 99.7% confidence intervals of the best-fitting LDDE model. The lines represent the space densities derived from different cosmological simulations (Habouzit et al. 2022). The upper and lower panels correspond to systems with stellar mass higher than M_* > 10⁹ M_⊙ and M_* > 10¹⁰ M_⊙, respectively.