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Table 1.
Nanoflare observations.
| Instrument, wavelength | Threshold | Energies | Power-law slope | Event frequency | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [Å] | [erg] | [s−1] | |||
| Single-channel detection | |||||
| SOHO/EIT 304 | 3σ | 1024 − 1027 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 14.4 | Berghmans et al. (1998) |
| SOHO/EIT 195 | 1024 − 1026 | 1.35 ± 0.20 | 1.2 | ||
| TRACE 171 | 3σ | 1025 − 1027 | 1.86 ± 0.07 | ∼20( * ) | Aschwanden & Parnell (2002) |
| TRACE 195 | 1.81 ± 0.10 | ∼20( * ) | |||
| TESIS/FET 171 | 3σ | 1023 − 1026 | 2.79 ± 0.41 | Ulyanov et al. (2019b) | |
| 2.81 ± 0.52 | – | ||||
| SDO/AIA 171 | 3σ | 1023 − 1026 | 2.18 ± 0.20 | Ulyanov et al. (2019b) | |
| 2.42 ± 0.21 | – | ||||
| IRIS/SJI 1330, 1400 | 3σ, 5σ, 7σ | 1022 − 1026 | < 2 (sunspot) | Vilangot Nhalil et al. (2020) | |
| > 2 (plage) | – | ||||
| SDO/AIA 171 | 4σ | 1023 − 1024 | < 2 | ∼100 | Chitta et al. (2021) |
| SOHO/CDS 629.7 | 3σ | 1022 − 1024 | 2.1 − 3.4 | ∼460 | Fludra (2023) |
| Multi-channel detection | |||||
| 3σ | 2.59 | ∼300( * ) | Krucker & Benz (1998) | ||
| SOHO/EIT 171, 195 | 4σ | 1025 − 1027 | 2.54 | ∼140( * ) | |
| 5σ | > 2.31 | ∼70( * ) | |||
| TRACE 171, 195 | 3σ | 1024 − 1026 | 1.79 ± 0.08 | ∼5( * ) | Aschwanden et al. (2000) |
| TRACE 171, 195 | 2σ | 1023 − 1026 | > 2 | ∼800( * ) | Parnell & Jupp (2000) |
| 3σ | ∼200( * ) | ||||
| SOHO/EIT 171, 195 | 3σ | 1025 − 1027 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | ∼300( * ) | Benz & Krucker (2002) |
| SDO/AIA | 2σ | 1024 − 1027 | 1.73 ± 0.01 | ∼15( * ) | Joulin et al. (2016) |
| 131, 171, 193, 211, 335 | 1.65 ± 0.02 | ∼11( * ) | |||
| SDO/AIA | |||||
| 94, 131, 171, 193, 211, 335 | 5σ | 1024 − 1029 | 2.28 ± 0.03 | – | Purkhart & Veronig (2022) |
Notes.( * )Our assessment based on the article’s data.
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