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Fig. 1.

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Aligned electrosphere with surface magnetic field, B* = 109 G, rotation period, P = 10 ms, and a surface composed of electrons and protons. The inner circle represents the NS radius, R* = 12 km. The data cross section in the plane includes the rotational axis, Oz, and the magnetic axis of symmetry, except inside the inner circle where it represents data at 20 m above the surface. (a) Charge density, including the contribution of ions and electrons; (b) parallel electric field; (c) electron azimuthal velocity (normalized to the speed of light, c); (d) proton azimuthal velocity; (e) mean electron Lorentz factor; and (f) mean proton Lorentz factor.

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