Same as Fig. 10, but with the VLASS × GCNS population instead. Colours and symbols are as in Fig. 3, with the additional classification of M dwarfs beyond M4 (yellow circles) motivated by the M4 transition mentioned in Sect. 4.3.2. The one CAS system that significantly deviates from GBR is a BY Dra system called V1274 Her, which is a mid-M-dwarf binary. Two M dwarfs from the VLASS sample are not shown in this figure for the sake of clarity since they have an X-ray luminosity of ≪10²⁶erg s⁻¹. These are LSR J1835+3259 and HD 43162C, with spectral type M8.5 and M5, respectively.