Statistical comparisons of ∇_⊥ E_‖ and Γ_⊥ in the Harris-sheet simulation. Panel (a) plots the number densities of |∇_⊥ E_‖| (solid curves) and |Γ_⊥| (dashed curves) at t = 9. Panel (b) shows the number densities of the angle θ_le spanned by Γ_⊥ and ∇_⊥ E_‖ at t = 9. In panels (a) and (b), the blue curves depict all grids satisfying |J_‖| ≥ 50 while the purple ones plot the subsets with 2D extremal E_‖. Panel (c) depicts the time evolutions of the mean values of |∇_⊥ E_‖| (the blue solid curve) and |Γ_⊥| (the orange solid curve). The blue and orange dashed curves plot the standard deviations of |∇_⊥ E_‖| and |Γ_⊥|, respectively. Panel (d) exhibits the time evolutions of the mean values of θ_le (the solid curve) and its standard deviation (the dashed curve). The black dashed line denotes the theoretical standard deviation of a uniform random distribution sampled from 0° to 180°. The mean values and standard deviations in panels (c) and (d) are calculated from all grids satisfying |J_‖| ≥ 50.