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Fig. 7

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Formation of massive planets in the long disk lifetime scenario as a function of disk turbulent level and solid disk mass. The left and right panels illustrate the single protoplanet and multi-protoplanet cases. The protoplanets are assumed to be equal lunar mass and the disk lifetime is 6.3 Myr. Other model parameters are listed in Table 1. The colorbar gives the resulting planet with the highest mass, while the contour lines indicate masses of 10, 30, and 100, respectively. Giant planets are more likely to occur in disks with longer lifetimes.

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