Sky maps in Aitoff projection of the maximum absolute barycentric RV υ_bary,max as derived from Eq. (10) (left panel) and full amplitude of the barycentric RV υ_bary,max – υ_bary,min (right panel) for nights when the star is observable above 30deg over the horizon for the location of the Calar Alto Observatory. The positions of the 382 sample stars (purple circles) are indicated. The hatching pattern indicates the visibility cutoff at δ < −23 deg of the CARMENES sample.