Hysteresis loops and conditions of ocean formation for an initially hot and steamy 2 R_⊕ planet (with a 10 bar H₂O + 1 bar N₂ atmosphere) synchronously rotating (fixed rotation period of 60 Earth days) around an M3 star (simulation M3-YANG-1). The figure depicts the evolution of surface temperature (top left), stratospheric water mixing ratio (top right), bond albedo (bottom left), and greenhouse effect (bottom right) as a function of the incoming stellar flux. The blue branches correspond to simulation results (Yang et al. 2013) that assume water is initially condensed on the surface. The red branches (this study) correspond to initially hot and steamy simulation results that assume water is initially in vapor form in the atmosphere.