Fractional residuals for 115 clusters in the validation sample with IAE for the 3D–3D fit. The three horizontal dashed black lines represent zero and ±5% fractional residuals; the vertical dashed black lines represent R₅₀₀. Left panel: The grey lines show the individual fractional residuals of all the clusters. The solid black line and shaded black region show the median and 1-σ dispersion of the fractional residual distribution, respectively. The histogram shows the distribution of fractional residuals over all radii. Right panel: The cyan and magenta lines in the top panel show the fractional residuals of MR20 and MD20 sub-samples, respectively. The green and orange lines in the bottom panel show the fractional residuals of the MS20 and MR20 sub-samples respectively. Shaded regions show the corresponding 1-σ dispersion of the fractional residual distribution. The histograms show the distribution of fractional residuals over all radii. Regions enclosed by the solid black lines show the 1-σ dispersion of the fractional residual of the full validation sample. The IAE model can reconstruct 3D temperature profiles with a fractional difference of about 5% across nearly the full radial range.