Time evolution of different parameters in models with different gas accretion rates (ƒ_A factor in Eq. (19)). (a) Planet mass. The horizontal gray line indicates the planet mass M₀ = 2.3M_J inferred by Liu et al. (2019), which we use as a reference mass. (b) Planet’s gas accretion. (c) Gas surface density at the gap over the unperturbed surface density Σ_g,0. (d) Planet’s accretion luminosity (Eq. (15)). (e) Disk temperature at the Hill radius. (f) Peak gas-phase C/O ratio. The prefactors ƒ_A used in Eq. (19) are listed in the legend. The vertical dashed line indicates 176 orbits, when the planet mass has reached 0.04,0.05,0.12,1.2,2.3,3.8, 6.8 M_J in simulation with ƒ_A = 0.05,0.1,0.2,0.5,1, 2,5, respectively.