Redshift dependence of the measured cosmological parameters obtained from fits to Flagship simulation data. The top panel shows constraints on the ratio of comoving transverse and Hubble distances divided by redshift z, D_M/(zD_H), which is derived from ϵ (inset). The bottom panel shows measurements of the growth rate fσ₈. Coloured data points indicate the different reconstruction scenarios considered, plotted at slightly shifted redshift locations for clarity. The grey shaded bands represent the 68.3% (1σ) and 95.5% (2σ) confidence intervals from fits to Planck Collaboration VI (2020), extrapolated down to these redshifts assuming ΛCDM, and centred on the Flagship cosmology.