Mean training (blue) and validation (orange) loss for YOLO–CL when using 512 × 512 (left), and 1024 × 1024 (right) resampled SDSS images. The vertical bars show the lσ standard deviation of the validation loss. The training and validation loss functions converge in a smooth way. The good agreement between training and validation loss excludes significant overfitting and confirming the network stability in both cases.