Fig. 10

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Evolution of the magnetic topology of AD Leo over 14 yr. The time series includes optical ESPaDOnS and Narval data between 2007 and 2019, and near-infrared SPIRou data collected between 2019 and 2020. Field strength, level of axisymmetry and dominant field component (poloidal or toroidal) are encoded with the symbol size, shape, and colour, respectively, and were computed using the Unno-Rachkovsky implementation described in this work for consistency. The topology remained predominantly poloidal and dipolar, while the field strength has decreased over time. The most striking change is a decrease in axisymmetry in the most recent epoch.
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