Energy flux changes in the numerical model and forward model. (a) Energy flux obtained from the numerical results given by Eq. (7) (black line), analytical results given by Eq. (1) (red line), and the energy flux calculated using Eq. (1) with the synthetic displacement in Fig. 3b (blue line). (b) Scatter plots of the energy flux when t > t_c. The horizontal axis represents the analytical (red) and synthetic EUI (blue) energy flux, while the vertical axis shows the numerical energy flux. Dashed lines illustrate the linear fits of the data, and their slopes correspond to the factors α and α_eui.