Unintended electromagnetic radiation from Starlink satellites detected with LOFAR between 110 and 188 MHz

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Volume 676 (August 2023)

A&A, 676 (2023) A75

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Table 4

Derived satellite transmitter parameters for the weakest and brightest detections.

Frequency (MHz)	Type	Altitude (km)	(dB[W Hz⁻¹])		E-field⁽¹⁾ (dB[µ V m⁻¹])
					Δf_det = 120 kHz		Δf_det = 2.95 MHz
			min	max	min	max	min	max
116–124	broad-band	~360	−141	−130	24	35	38	49
	broad-band	~550	−139	−133	26	32	40	46
125	narrow-band	~360
	narrow-band	~550	−124	−113	32	43	32	43
135	narrow-band	~360
	narrow-band	~550	−126	−121	30	35	30	35
143	narrow-band	~360	−132	−121	24	34	24	34
	narrow-band	~550	−118	−115	37	40	37	40
150	narrow-band	~360
	narrow-band	~550	−128	−123	28	33	28	33
150.05–153	broad-band	~360	−142	−132	24	34	38	48
	broad-band	~550	−141	−135	24	31	38	45
157–165	broad-band	~360	−140	−127	25	39	39	52
	broad-band	~550	−145	−138	21	27	35	41
175	narrow-band	~360
	narrow-band	~550	−126	−107	30	49	30	49

Notes.⁽¹⁾ As measured with an average detector at a distance of 10 m with given detector bandwidths, Δf_det.

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