Table 2
Properties of the Starlink satellite passes through the LOFAR beam pattern.
| NORAD/COSPAR | d (km) | tmid (s) | tpass (s) | Δt (s) | nTAB | S ν(Jy) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 116–124 (MHz) | 125 (MHz) | 135 (MHz) | 143 (MHz) | 150 (MHz) | 150.05–153 (MHz) | 157–165 (MHz) | 175 (MHz) | ||||||
| 47373/2021–005AA | 554.7 | 34.66 | 6.26 | +0.00 | 11 | 1.1(1) | 73(3) | 15(1) | 13(2) | 0.8(1) | 0.4(1) | 501(28) | |
| 47371/2021–005Y | 553.6 | 365.68 | 5.04 | +0.05 | 8 | 1.0(1) | 72(3) | 14(1) | 0.5(1) | 0.2(1) | |||
| 47597/2021–009BB | 553.7 | 400.77 | 3.83 | −0.01 | 4 | 0.9(1) | 68(5) | 15(2) | 0.3(1) | ||||
| 47645/2021–012AB | 553.6 | 646.62 | 5.83 | +0.15 | 13 | 1.0(1) | 77(3) | 12(1) | 0.4(1) | 0.1(1) | 8(1) | ||
| 47595/2021–009AZ | 553.8 | 731.25 | 6.13 | +0.14 | 11 | 1.1(1) | 54(3) | 13(1) | 0.5(1) | 0.1(1) | |||
| 47596/2021–009BA | 554.5 | 1061.19 | 5.56 | +0.04 | 10 | 1.1(1) | 81(4) | 7(1) | 0.5(1) | 85(6) | |||
| 45705/2020–035BA | 554.4 | 1101.86 | 5.50 | −0.06 | 10 | 1.0(1) | 82(3) | 14(1) | 0.5(1) | 0.1(1) | 24(2) | ||
| 45661/2020–035E | 553.4 | 1432.54 | 6.11 | −0.02 | 11 | 1.2(1) | 72(3) | 21(1) | 0.8(1) | 0.3(1) | 7(1) | ||
| 45677/2020–035W | 553.1 | 1763.14 | 3.76 | −0.08 | 4 | 1.0(1) | 72(5) | 12(2) | 0.3(2) | 132(13) | |||
| 45235/2020–012BK | 553.3 | 1798.44 | 4.88 | −0.01 | 7 | 0.9(1) | 16(1) | 12(1) | 79(5) | 0.2(1) | |||
| 45186/2020–012J | 554.0 | 2128.86 | 6.26 | +0.09 | 11 | 1.2(1) | 83(3) | 14(1) | 7(1) | 0.3(1) | 0.1(1) | 322(18) | |
| 47621/2021–012B | 555.4 | 2167.83 | 1.07 | 0 | |||||||||
| 47666/2021–012AY | 555.0 | 2374.54 | 5.36 | +0.11 | 9 | 1.0(1) | 72(3) | 8(1) | 0.6(1) | 0.1(1) | 12(2) | ||
| 45187/2020–012K | 555.6 | 2459.64 | 4.40 | +0.07 | 6 | 0.7(1) | 11(2) | 6(2) | 37(5) | ||||
| 47625/2021–012F | 554.6 | 2498.09 | 6.02 | +0.65 | 12 | 0.8(1) | 69(3) | 11(1) | 0.4(1) | 8(1) | |||
| 47651/2021–012AH | 554.4 | 2744.72 | 6.15 | +0.02 | 11 | 1.0(1) | 84(4) | 10(1) | 10(1) | 0.6(1) | 0.2(1) | 506(29) | |
| 47620/2021–012A | 554.4 | 2829.89 | 5.88 | -0.05 | 10 | 1.0(1) | 84(3) | 11(1) | 6(2) | 0.4(1) | 30(2) | ||
| 52003/2022–025AZ | 356.1 | 2857.64 | 2.98 | +0.07 | 6 | 3.0(2) | 37(4) | 0.8(2) | 0.9(1) | ||||
| 47636/2021–012S | 553.8 | 2864.70 | 1.77 | 0 | |||||||||
| 52002/2022–025AY | 356.2 | 2866.81 | 3.11 | −0.03 | 8 | 0.9(1) | 34(4) | 1.2(2) | 1.7(2) | ||||
| 52000/2022–025AW | 356.5 | 2877.57 | 3.21 | −0.09 | 8 | 0.6(1) | 28(3) | 0.4(1) | 1.1(1) | ||||
| 52001/2022–025AX | 356.1 | 2887.59 | 3.32 | −0.12 | 9 | 1.7(1) | 26(3) | 1.2(2) | 1.6(1)† | ||||
| 51998/2022–025AU | 356.4 | 2897.50 | 3.38 | −0.07 | 10 | 4.8(2) | 30(3) | 0.8(1) | 1.3(1)† | ||||
| 51999/2022–025AV | 356.6 | 2908.06 | 3.47 | +0.01 | 10 | 0.8(1) | 9(2) | 2.5(2) | 1.6(1)† | ||||
| 51996/2022–025AS | 356.5 | 2918.15 | 3.54 | −0.06 | 11 | 3.0(1) | 28(3) | 0.7(1) | 2 2(1) | ||||
| 51994/2022–025AQ | 356.7 | 2927.70 | 3.60 | −0.02 | 11 | 5.1(2) | 30(3) | 1.7(2) | 1.8(1)† | ||||
| 51992/2022–025AN | 356.7 | 2937.59 | 3.67 | −0.06 | 11 | 0.8(1) | 19(2) | 1.0(1) | 1.6(1)† | ||||
| 51997/2022–025AT | 356.3 | 2947.11 | 3.72 | −0.11 | 11 | 2.8(1) | 16(2) | 0.7(1) | 2.5(2)† | ||||
| 51995/2022–025AR | 356.4 | 2958.22 | 3.76 | −0.02 | 11 | 3.6(1) | 35(3) | 1.4(1) | 1.1(1)† | ||||
| 51990/2022–025AL | 356.4 | 2968.25 | 3.81 | −0.03 | 11 | 5.7(2) | 38(4) | 1.5(1) | 1.9(1) | ||||
| 51993/2022–025AP | 356.8 | 2979.25 | 3.84 | −0.04 | 11 | 3.3(1) | 25(3) | 1.3(1) | 1.2(1)† | ||||
| 51988/2022–025AJ | 356.6 | 2987.83 | 3.89 | +0.33 | 11 | 0.5(1) | 4(2) | 3.4(2) | 6.7(4)† | ||||
| 51986/2022–025AG | 356.6 | 2997.48 | 3.92 | +0.04 | 11 | 0.5(1) | 5(2) | 4.0(3) | 12.3(7) | ||||
| 51991/2022–025AM | 356.6 | 3010.40 | 3.94 | −1.73 | 11 | 2.4(1) | 45(3) | 1.0(1) | 2.1(1)† | ||||
| 51984/2022–025AE | 357.1 | 3025.10 | 3.97 | −6. 38 | 11 | 19(2) | |||||||
| 51989/2022–025AK | 357.5 | 3035.99 | 4.00 | −2.99 | 11 | 11(2) | 1.9(2) | 0.6(1) | |||||
| 51987/2022–025AH | 357.9 | 3047.57 | 4.02 | + 1.29 | 11 | 3.1(2) | 27(3) | 0.8(1) | 2.0(2)† | ||||
| 51982/2022–025AC | 356.9 | 3048.97 | 4.01 | −0.12 | 11 | 3.6(1) | 31(3) | 0.9(1) | 2.3(2)† | ||||
| 51980/2022–025AA | 356.7 | 3059.27 | 4.01 | −0.05 | 11 | 1.2(1) | 38(4) | 0.9(1) | 1.6(1)† | ||||
| 51985/2022–025AF | 357.1 | 3069.85 | 4.02 | −0.01 | 11 | 2.4(1) | 27(3) | 1.2(1) | 1.3(1) | ||||
| 51978/2022–025Y | 357.1 | 3080.04 | 4.02 | −0.00 | 11 | 3.6(2) | 28(2) | 1.1(1) | 1.1(1)† | ||||
| 51983/2022–025AD | 356.9 | 3089.36 | 4.00 | −0.05 | 11 | 1.5(1) | 25(2) | 0.8(1) | 3.5(2)† | ||||
| 51981/2022–025AB | 356.9 | 3110.07 | 3.98 | −0.03 | 11 | 1.2(1) | 16(2) | 0.8(1) | 2.0(1)† | ||||
| 51975/2022–025V | 357.1 | 3119.98 | 3.96 | −0.12 | 11 | 16(2) | |||||||
| 51976/2022–025W | 357.4 | 3130.23 | 3.93 | −0.06 | 11 | 1.0(1) | 22(3) | 1.2(1) | 1.6(1)† | ||||
| 51972/2022–025S | 357.5 | 3139.86 | 3.91 | −0.05 | 11 | 34(4) | |||||||
| 51979/2022–025Z | 357.4 | 3150.16 | 3.87 | −0.09 | 11 | 1.1(1) | 9(2) | 3.3(2) | 4.2(3) | ||||
| 47677/2021–012BK | 554.7 | 3159.90 | 2.76 | 1 | |||||||||
| 51970/2022–025Q | 357.4 | 3160.85 | 3.82 | −0.08 | 11 | 27(3) | |||||||
| 51973/2022–025T | 357.6 | 3170.33 | 3.78 | −0.12 | 11 | 15(2) | |||||||
| 51968/2022–025N | 357.4 | 3180.57 | 3.73 | −0.12 | 12 | 23(2) | |||||||
| 47661/2021–012AT | 555.3 | 3195.27 | 5.88 | −0.02 | 11 | 0.8(1) | 137(60) | 10(1) | 50(4) | 5(1) | 0.3(1) | 166(10) | |
| 51966/2022–025L | 357.8 | 3200.51 | 3.60 | −0.08 | 10 | 22(3) | |||||||
| 51971/2022–025R | 357.5 | 3211.10 | 3.52 | −0.06 | 10 | 12(2) | |||||||
| 51964/2022–025J | 357.7 | 3220.55 | 3.45 | −0.04 | 10 | 13(2) | |||||||
| 51969/2022–025P | 357.7 | 3230.47 | 3.36 | −0.08 | 9 | 20(3) | |||||||
| 51967/2022–025M | 357.5 | 3240.09 | 3.26 | −0.08 | 8 | 19(3) | |||||||
| 51962/2022–025G | 357.7 | 3249.53 | 3.14 | +0.09 | 8 | 12(3) | |||||||
| 51965/2022–025K | 358.1 | 3260.78 | 3.04 | −0.06 | 6 | 18(2) | |||||||
| 51960/2022–025E | 358.0 | 3270.97 | 2.92 | −0.08 | 6 | 18(3) | |||||||
| 51957/2022–025B | 358.0 | 3279.97 | 2.76 | −0.03 | 5 | 3.0(3) | |||||||
| 51959/2022–025D | 357.8 | 3290.15 | 2.59 | +0.65 | 4 | 26(4) | |||||||
| 51963/2022–025H | 358.2 | 3301.21 | 2.42 | −0.10 | 3 | 18(5) | |||||||
| 51961/2022–025F | 358.0 | 3310.88 | 2.21 | −0.02 | 2 | 17(5) | |||||||
| 51958/2022–025C | 358.3 | 3323.21 | 1.95 | −0.17 | 1 | 13(4) | 2.1(3) | ||||||
| 51956/2022–025A | 358.6 | 3331.34 | 1.75 | 1 | |||||||||
| 47670/2021–012BC | 557.0 | 3527.13 | 5.93 | +0.05 | 11 | 1.0(1) | 60(5) | 12(1) | 4(1) | 0.8(1) | 0.1(1) | 14(2) | |
| 45583/2020–025BE | 557.0 | 3565.40 | 3.26 | −0.03 | 2 | 0.3(1) | 24(6) | 168(28) | |||||
Notes. Satellites are identified by their NORAD catalogue number and COSPAR-based international designator (which provides the launch year, launch number and sequential identifier). For each satellite, the distance d between the satellite and LOFAR is given at the mid-point of the pass through the 4°.17 FHWM station beam. This midpoint is given by tmid, from the start of the observation at 18:30:00 UTC on 2022 April 1. The duration of the passage of the station beam is given by tpass, while Δt represents the time offset between the predicted and measured time of the pass. The nTAB column indicates the number of tied-array beams the satellite passed through. Detected flux densities Sν are provided for different frequencies or frequency ranges over the LOFAR observing band. The † symbol indicates that a comb with 50 kHz spacing was detected in the 157 to 165 MHz frequency range.
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