Table 1.
Galaxy asymmetry measurements.
| Galaxy | log10(M★/M⊙) | i | Amod | Amod | Amod | θlow-res | Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (°) | (H2, 720 pc) | (H2, low-res) | (H I, low-res) | (kpc) | |||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) |
| Virgo sample | |||||||
| IC3392 | 9.5 | 67.5 | 0.65 ± 0.15 | – | – | 1.44 | a,b |
| NGC 4064 | 9.5 | 69.6 | 0.42 ± 0.13 | – | – | 1.34 | a,b |
| NGC 4189 | 9.8 | 42.5 | 0.47 ± 0.05 | 0.39 ± 0.09 | 0.58 ± 0.08 | 1.35 | |
| NGC 4254 | 10.5 | 38.8 | 0.61 ± 0.03 | 0.56 ± 0.04 | 0.69 ± 0.04 | 1.26 | |
| NGC 4294 | 9.4 | 73.8 | 0.68 ± 0.09 | 0.52 ± 0.12 | 0.68 ± 0.15 | 1.34 | |
| NGC 4298 | 10.1 | 52.3 | 0.35 ± 0.06 | 0.29 ± 0.10 | 0.45 ± 0.09 | 1.35 | |
| NGC 4299 | 9.1 | 13.6 | 0.68 ± 0.07 | 0.55 ± 0.12 | 0.71 ± 0.03 | 1.34 | |
| NGC 4321 | 10.7 | 32.2 | 0.45 ± 0.04 | 0.38 ± 0.05 | 0.37 ± 0.03 | 1.36 | |
| NGC 4351 | 9.4 | 47.7 | 0.65 ± 0.08 | 0.56 ± 0.11 | 0.73 ± 0.09 | 1.34 | |
| NGC 4380 | 10.1 | 60.6 | 0.32 ± 0.07 | 0.32 ± 0.10 | 0.49 ± 0.08 | 1.34 | |
| NGC 4383 | 9.4 | 55.8 | 0.64 ± 0.13 | 0.48 ± 0.14 | 0.45 ± 0.04 | 1.26 | |
| NGC 4394 | 10.3 | 31.9 | 0.72 ± 0.04 | 0.63 ± 0.06 | 0.30 ± 0.07 | 1.35 | |
| NGC 4405 | 9.8 | 46.1 | 0.80 ± 0.17 | 0.82 ± 0.13 | – | 1.35 | b |
| NGC 4419 | 10.1 | 73.6 | 0.60 ± 0.09 | 0.53 ± 0.12 | 0.72 ± 0.14 | 1.36 | |
| NGC 4424 | 9.9 | 61.5 | 0.85 ± 0.06 | – | 0.77 ± 0.11 | 1.60 | a |
| NGC 4450 | 10.7 | 51.1 | 0.66 ± 0.04 | 0.61 ± 0.07 | 0.42 ± 0.07 | 1.35 | |
| NGC 4457 | 10.4 | 36.5 | 0.44 ± 0.08 | 0.36 ± 0.13 | 0.36 ± 0.08 | 1.43 | |
| NGC 4501 | 11.0 | 65.5 | 0.40 ± 0.07 | 0.35 ± 0.10 | 0.60 ± 0.08 | 1.36 | |
| NGC 4532 | 9.2 | 63.7 | 0.59 ± 0.06 | 0.44 ± 0.10 | 0.67 ± 0.07 | 1.44 | |
| NGC 4535 | 10.5 | 48.4 | 0.51 ± 0.03 | 0.41 ± 0.06 | 0.48 ± 0.03 | 1.60 | |
| NGC 4536 | 10.2 | 73.8 | 0.56 ± 0.02 | 0.44 ± 0.05 | 0.40 ± 0.07 | 1.52 | |
| NGC 4548 | 10.7 | 36.8 | 0.54 ± 0.03 | 0.36 ± 0.06 | 0.49 ± 0.08 | 1.34 | |
| NGC 4561 | 9.1 | 28.2 | 0.95 ± 0.02 | 0.92 ± 0.08 | 0.53 ± 0.08 | 1.27 | |
| NGC 4569 | 10.9 | 68.7 | 0.67 ± 0.08 | 0.65 ± 0.12 | 0.74 ± 0.11 | 1.33 | |
| NGC 4579 | 10.9 | 39.6 | 0.31 ± 0.04 | 0.22 ± 0.07 | 0.42 ± 0.05 | 1.59 | |
| NGC 4580 | 9.9 | 46.1 | 0.35 ± 0.13 | – | – | 1.44 | a,b |
| NGC 4606 | 9.6 | 68.6 | 0.82 ± 0.05 | 0.65 ± 0.07 | – | 1.35 | b |
| NGC 4651 | 10.3 | 52.9 | 0.56 ± 0.08 | 0.52 ± 0.11 | 0.32 ± 0.06 | 1.34 | |
| NGC 4654 | 10.3 | 60.8 | 0.47 ± 0.04 | 0.43 ± 0.08 | 0.70 ± 0.02 | 1.35 | |
| NGC 4689 | 10.2 | 38.5 | 0.37 ± 0.07 | 0.32 ± 0.11 | 0.28 ± 0.09 | 1.34 | |
| NGC 4694 | 9.9 | 61.5 | 0.77 ± 0.08 | 0.76 ± 0.12 | 0.90 ± 0.01 | 1.34 | |
| NGC 4698 | 10.5 | 66.0 | 0.61 ± 0.06 | 0.53 ± 0.06 | 0.38 ± 0.05 | 1.36 | |
| NGC 4713 | 9.3 | 44.6 | 0.52 ± 0.03 | 0.41 ± 0.07 | 0.48 ± 0.02 | 2.08 | |
| NGC 4772 | 10.2 | 59.8 | 0.79 ± 0.06 | 0.62 ± 0.11 | 0.50 ± 0.04 | 1.43 | |
| NGC 4808 | 9.6 | 71.8 | 0.44 ± 0.10 | 0.38 ± 0.11 | 0.61 ± 0.02 | 1.36 | |
| Control sample | |||||||
| NGC 0628 | 10.2 | 29.5 | 0.55 ± 0.01 | 0.50 ± 0.01 | 0.45 ± 0.03 | 1.40 | |
| NGC 2403 | 9.6 | 57.9 | 0.38 ± 0.07 | 0.30 ± 0.09 | 0.25 ± 0.06 | 1.40 | |
| NGC 2841 | 10.9 | 65.5 | – | 0.62 ± 0.07 | 0.40 ± 0.02 | 1.40 | c |
| NGC 2903 | 10.4 | 61.9 | 0.41 ± 0.09 | 0.43 ± 0.09 | 0.36 ± 0.05 | 1.40 | |
| NGC 3184 | 10.4 | 13.0 | – | 0.48 ± 0.03 | 0.33 ± 0.04 | 1.40 | c |
| NGC 3198 | 10.1 | 74.4 | – | 0.39 ± 0.07 | 0.34 ± 0.03 | 1.40 | c |
| NGC 3351 | 10.3 | 41.3 | 0.59 ± 0.06 | 0.47 ± 0.03 | 0.36 ± 0.05 | 1.40 | |
| NGC 3521 | 10.8 | 53.8 | – | 0.45 ± 0.04 | 0.39 ± 0.05 | 1.40 | c |
| NGC 3627 | 10.7 | 59.1 | 0.53 ± 0.04 | 0.42 ± 0.04 | 0.46 ± 0.09 | 1.40 | |
| NGC 3938 | 10.3 | 30.9 | – | 0.41 ± 0.02 | – | 1.40 | c,d |
| NGC 4214 | 8.6 | 38.0 | 0.42 ± 0.12 | – | 0.59 ± 0.09 | 1.40 | a |
| NGC 4725 | 10.8 | 61.0 | – | 0.68 ± 0.03 | – | 1.40 | c,d |
| NGC 4736 | 10.3 | 45.0 | 0.41 ± 0.07 | 0.51 ± 0.04 | 0.43 ± 0.06 | 1.40 | |
| NGC 5055 | 10.7 | 62.8 | 0.42 ± 0.03 | 0.40 ± 0.04 | 0.45 ± 0.01 | 1.40 | |
| NGC 5457 | 10.4 | 30.8 | 0.55 ± 0.03 | 0.46 ± 0.04 | 0.42 ± 0.02 | 1.40 | |
| NGC 6946 | 10.5 | 35.8 | 0.46 ± 0.01 | 0.42 ± 0.02 | 0.40 ± 0.01 | 1.40 | |
| NGC 7331 | 11.0 | 71.1 | – | 0.53 ± 0.04 | 0.40 ± 0.08 | 1.40 | c |
Notes. Table columns are: (1) galaxy identifier, (2) integrated stellar mass from Leroy et al. (2019), (3) inclination, (4) Amod from 720-pc H2 map, (5) Amod from low-res H2 map, (6) Amod from low-res H I map, (7) low-res FWHM beam size, (8) flags explaining missing Amod values. (a) < 5 beams across low-res CO map. (b) < 5 beams across low-res H I map. (c) No 720 pc CO image. (d) Not in THINGS sample.
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