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Fig. 3

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Distribution in the M sin i-a parameter space of the M sin i > 40 MJup companions identified in the sample and characterised via radial velocity analysis. In the main plot, the kernel density estimation of the population is plotted as contour levels, the components of multiple systems are connected by black dash-dotted lines, while the horizontal dashed brown, orange and yellow lines respectively indicate the brown dwarf (40 MJup), dwarf star (80 MJup), and solar-mass thresholds. The top-left and right-hand histograms show the distribution and kernel density estimation of the semimajor axes and minimum mass of the companions, respectively.

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