Panel a: schematic representation of the atmospheric redistribution caused by the stellar heating on a synchronously rotating planet. The arrows show the movement of the particles of the atmosphere pushed from the hot spot (sub-stellar) toward the cold spots (morning and evening spots). Panel b: delayed deformation of the atmosphere with respect to the position of the star (angle δ_α in the schema) due to the rotation of the planet. Ω is the spin rate of the planet, and is n the mean motion and the star. Panel c: two tidal contributions, gravitational and thermal, acting in opposition on each other. Figures inspired from Correia & Laskar (2003a).